硅橡胶具有模量低、弹性好、响应快,且其模量在较大温度范围内保持恒定的优点,受到了介电弹性体研究者的广泛关注。然而,硅橡胶介电常数低,用于驱动器时驱动电压高、电致应变小,应用范围受到限制。采用高介电常数的无机粒子填充硅橡胶是提高其介电常数的有效手段之一。综述了常用的高介电无机粒子填充硅橡胶基介电弹性体的研究进展、电致应变性能的影响因素,以及复合介电弹性体的模量增大、介电损耗升高问题及其解决办法。
Silicone rubbers have been the focus of researchers in dielectric elastomers due to the well-known characteristics like low modulus,good elasticity,fast response and the ability to maintain their modulus under a wide range of temperatures.However,the intrinsic low dielectric constant of silicone rubbers have contributed to their inadequacy in that high actuation voltage is demanded or low actuation strain is produced while used as an actuator.Filling in high dielectric constant inorganic particles is one of the most effective approaches to improve silicone rubbers' dielectric constants.Research developments of normally used inorganic particles filled silicone rubber systems and factors that may influence the composites' actuation performance were reviewed.Problems as well as solutions related with increase of modulus and dielectric loss of the composites were also summarized.
[1] Pelrine R,Kornbluh R,Joseph J P,et al.High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%[J].Science,2000,287(5454):836-839.
[2] Zhang Q M,Li H,Huang C,et al.An all-organic composite actuator material with a high dielectric constant[J].Nature,2002,419(6904):284-287.
[3] Kim B,Park Y D,Koo C M,et al.Electric actuation of nanostructured thermoplastic elastomer gels with ultralarge electrostriction coefficient[J].Advanced Functional Materials,2011,21(17):3242-3249.
[4] Pelrine R E,Kornbluh R D,Joseph J P.Electrostriction of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,1998,64(1):77-85.
[5] Ning N Y,Zhang L Q,Tian M,et al.Tailoring dielectric and actuated properties of elastomer composites by bioinspired poly(dopamine) encapsulated graphene oxide[J].ACS Applied Material Interfaces,2015,7(20):10755-10762.
[6] Sun H B,Ning N Y,Tian M,et al.Homogeneous dielectric elastomers with dramatically improved actuated strain by grafting dipoles onto SBS using thiol-ene click chemistry[J].Polymer Chemistry,2016,7(24):4072-4080.
[7] Tian M,Zhang L Q,Ning N Y,et al.Largely improved electromechanical properties of thermoplastic dielectric elastomers by grafting carboxyl onto SBS through thiol-ene click chemistry[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(98):96190-96195.
[8] Yang D,Zhang L Q,Tian M,et al.Large increase in actuated strain of HNBR dielectric elastomer by controlling molecular interaction and dielectric filler network[J].RSC Advances,2013,3(44):21896-21904.
[9] Jeffrey P S,Johnathan A H,Colin G C,et al.Elastomeric composites with high-dielectric constant for use in Maxwell stress actuators[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2003,5051:180-190.
[10] Gallone G,Carpi F,Rossi D D,et al.Dielectric constant enhancement in a silicone elastomer filled with lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate[J].Materials Science and Engineering:C,2007,27(1):110-116.
[11] Zhang X Q,Wissler M,Jaehne B,et al.Effects of crosslinking,prestrain,and dielectric filler on the electromechanical response of a new silicone and comparison with acrylic elastomer[J].Smart Structures and Materials,2004,5385:78-86.
[12] Huang C,Zhang Q M,Botton G,et al.All-organic dielectric-percolative three-component composite materials with high electromechanical response[J].Applied Physics Letters,2004,84(22):4391-4393.
[13] Romasanta L J,Hernandez M,Lopez-Manchado M A,et al.Functionalized graphene sheets as effective high dielectric constant fillers[J].Nanoscale Research Letters,2011,6:508.
[14] Tian M,Wei Z,Zan X,et al.Thermally expanded graphene nanoplates/polydimethylsiloxane composites with high dielectric constant,low dielectric loss and improved actuated strain[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,99:37-44.
[15] Carpi F,Rossi D D.Improvement of electromechanical actuating performances of a silicone dielectric elastomer by dispersion of titanium dioxide powder[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(4):835-843.
[16] Kashani M R,Javadi S,Gharavi N.Dielectric properties of silicone rubber-titanium dioxide composites prepared by dielectrophoretic assembly of filler particles[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2010,19(3):35019.
[17] Zhang Z,Liu L,Yu K,et al.New silicone dielectric elastomers with a high dielectric constant[J].Proceedings of SPIE-the International Society for Optical Engineering,2008,6926:692610.
[18] Bele A,Cazacu M,Stiubianu G,et al.Silicone-barium titanate composites with increased electromechanical sensitivity.The effects of the filler morphology[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(102):58522-58529.
[19] Stoyanov H,Brochu P,Niu X F,et al.Dielectric elastomer transducers with enhanced force output and work density[J].Applied Physics Letters,2012,100(26):262902-262904.
[20] 刘浩亮.硅橡胶介电弹性体复合材料的制备与性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.
[21] Galantini F,Bianchi S,Gallone G,et al.Functionalized carbon nanotubes as a filler for dielectric elastomer composites with improved actuation performance[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2013,22(5):055025.
[22] Yang D,Zhang L Q,Liu H L,et al.Lead magnesium niobate-filled silicone dielectric elastomer with large actuated strain[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,125(3):2196-2201.
[23] Zhao H,Zhang L,Yang M H,et al.Temperature-dependent electromechanical actuation sensitivity in stiffness-tunable BaTiO3/polydimethylsiloxane dielectric elastomer nanocomposites[J].Applied Physics Letters,2015,106(9):092904.
[24] Yang D,Huang S,Zhang L Q.Improved electromechanical properties of silicone dielectric elastomer composites by tuning molecular flexibility[J].Composites Science and Technology,2018,155:160-168.
[25] Chen T,Liu B.A combination of silicone dielectric elastomer and graphene nanosheets for the preparation of bending flexible transducers[J].Materials Letters,2018,211:69-73.
[26] Jiang M J,Dang Z M,Bai J B,et al.Effects of surface modification of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes/rubber nanocomposites[J].Chemical Physics Letters,2008,457:352-356.
[27] Guo C,Fuji M.Effect of silicone coupling agent on dielectric properties of barium titanate/silicone elastomer composites[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2016,27(4):1162-1172.
[28] Jang H,Kim J Ho,Kim H,et al.Enhanced performance in capacitive force sensors using carbonnanotube/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites with high dielectric properties[J].Nanoscale,2016,8(10):5667-5675.
[29] Chadwick R C,Grande J B,Brook M A,et al.Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes via the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction[J].Macromolecules,2014,47(18):6527-6530.
[30] Yadav S K,Kim J,Kim J H,et al.PDMS/MWCNT nanocomposite actuators using silicone functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes via nitrene chemistry[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2013,1(35):5463-5470.
[31] Yang D,Ruan M N,Zhang L Q,et al.Dopamine and silane functionalized barium titanate with improved electromechanical properties of silicone dielectric elastomer[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(93):90172-90183.
[32] Jiang L,Betts A,Kennedy D,et al.Improving the electromechanical performance of dielectric elastomers using silicone rubber and dopamine coated barium titanate[J].Materials and Design,2015,85:733-742.
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51703053);湖北省自然科学基金(2016CFB205)
PDF
(1143KB)
