以聚苯氧基磷酸联苯二酚酯(PBPP)与聚磷酸铵(APP)组成膨胀阻燃体系(IFR),同时为提高抑烟性能将一定量蒙脱土(MMT)引入阻燃体系中。将此体系应用到环氧树脂(EP)的阻燃改性中,以间苯二胺(m-PDA)为固化剂制得阻燃改性EP材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、热重(TG/DTG)、锥形量热(CONE)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别探究了材料的阻燃性能、热降解行为、燃烧行为以及微观形貌。结果表明:5%IFR+1%MMT(wt,质量分数,下同)的阻燃剂可使EP达到UL94V-0级;10%IFR+1%MMT可将极限氧指数提高到29.2%;同时,改性EP的燃烧性能得到很大提高,平均热释放速率(AvHRR)下降了52.0%,热释放速率峰值(PkHRR)下降了33.2%,总烟产生量(TSP)下降了70.0%;炭层形态研究显示,改性后的EP燃烧后能形成致密、封闭的炭层,能有效阻碍热量释放与烟雾扩散。
The epoxy resin was modified with intumescent flame retardant (IFR)——polyphenoxyphosphoric biphenyl ester(PBPP) blended with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was incorporated into epoxy resin and cured by m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA) to form a flame retardant thermoset FR-EP.The mass fraction of 1% montmorillonite (MMT) was added to IFR in order to improve smoke suppression performance.The effect of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) coupled with montmorillonite (MMT) on epoxy resin was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI),vertical burning (UL-94),TGA,cone calorimetry (CONE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).LOI and UL 94 test results showed that at the content of 5% IFR+1% MMT,modified EP can pass UL 94 V-0 grade,and reached 29.2% LOI value at the content of 10% IFR+1% MMT.TGA test results revealed that the incorporation of IFR/MMT into epoxy resin enhanced charring formation.The char yield of modified EP increased from 15.02wt% to 33.93wt% at 700℃ significantly.According to the cone test,heat release rate (HRR),total heat release (THR) and total smoke product (TSP) were all decreased dramatically in the modified EP.It can be also seen that av-HRR,pk-HRR,and TSP of the modified EP were lowered by 52.0%,33.2% and 70.0%,respectively,in comparison with those of pure EP.Moreover,IFR/MMT helped epoxy resins to forming more homogeneous and compact char layer during combustion as seen by SEM.
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基金资助
国家自然科学基金(51763005)
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