用碱处理、蒸汽闪爆、蒸汽闪爆结合碱处理这3种预处理方法制备的棉秆皮纤维作为增强体,通过热压成型制备了棉秆皮纤维/聚丙烯复合材料。首先优化了制备该复合材料的棉秆皮纤维长度、热压温度、压力以及时间等工艺参数,并以此优化工艺为基础,研究了3种预处理方法制备的棉秆皮纤维对复合材料拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能以及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:在棉秆皮纤维长度为8cm、热压温度170℃、热压压力3MPa、热压时间4min条件下制备的复合材料性能较优;在3种预处理方法中,采用蒸汽闪爆与碱预处理棉秆皮纤维制备的复合材料性能最优,复合材料拉伸强度为36.290MPa、拉伸模量为4557.40MPa、弯曲强度为63.31MPa、弯曲模量为4780.00MPa、冲击强度为485.0J/m。
Cotton stalk were pre-treated by three different methods including alkali treatment,steam explosion and steam explosion followed by alkali treatment in order to prepare cotton stalk fibers.The three different cotton stalk fibers were then used as reinforcing fibers in cotton stalk fiber/polypropylene (PP) composite material using molding-compress method.The process parameters including the length of fiber,temperature,pressure and time of molding-compress were optimized.According to the optimized process parameters,the effects of the three different methods on the tensile,flexural,impact property and microstructure of composites were studied.The results demonstrated that the optimum process conditions were as following:fiber length of 8cm,molding-temperature of 170℃,and pressure of 3MPa and time of 4min.In these three methods,steam explosion followed by the alkali treatment was the best method which could prepare the composite with best mechanical property.The composites had tensile strength of 36.290MPa,tensile modulus of 4557.40MPa,flexural strength of 63.31MPa,flexural modulus of 4780.00MPa and impact resistance of 485.0 J/m.
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