锂离子电池隔膜是锂离子电池的关键组成部分之一,锂离子电池隔膜的性能直接影响着锂离子电池的服役性能。综述了锂离子电池隔膜的制备技术,针对目前几种主要方法,如制备聚烯烃隔膜的干湿法和制备纤维基锂离子电池隔膜的静电纺丝法、离心纺丝法,从技术原理、优缺点、发展趋势等方面进行了详细分析。分析指出,针对目前常用的聚烯烃隔膜存在耐热性差以及孔隙率低等问题,主要改进和发展方向可归纳如下:①基于干湿法通过物理涂覆或嫁接某些官能团进行改进,以获得更高的机械强度、更好的电解质润湿性和热稳定性;②基于静电纺丝法、离心纺丝法制备纤维基隔膜;③研究基于新型材料[例如,将聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚氧化乙烯(PEO)混合,或将聚丙烯腈(PAN)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)混合]制备隔膜。
Lithium-ion battery separators are one of its key components.The performance of lithium-ion battery separators directly affects its service performance.The preparation technology of lithium-ion battery separators was reviewed.According to several current methods,such as:wet and dry methods for preparing polyolefin separators,and electrostatic spinning and centrifugal spinning methods for preparing fiber-based lithium-ion battery separators.Pros and cons,development trends and other aspects were analyzed in detail.The analysis pointed out that,for the currently commonly used polyolefin separators,which have problems such as poor heat resistance and low porosity,the main improvements and development directions can be summarized as follows:(1)Based on the wet and dry method,physical coating or grafting of certain functional groups was used to improve obtaining higher mechanical strength,better electrolyte wettability and thermal stability;(2)Preparation of fiber-based separators based on electrostatic spinning and centrifugal spinning;(3)Research based on new materials (for example,PAN and PEO,or PAN and PVDF).
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